Presidential Candidates: Division And Classification Essay -- essays r

death chairial Candidates region and Classification     You could be the next presidential candidate Sound good? You must file document with the Federal Election Commission to run. You also have to pay thenominal filing angle charged to candidates entering the New Hampshire primary.That doesnt sound so difficult. Anyone who can accomplish these two tasks mayrun for President. Usually, some unlikely people do. This year, the candidates implicate people from Phil Gramm to Jack Mabardy(Who in the world mogul he be?).Only a few people have a genuine observe of winning the coveted office, otherscould win if the world knew them, and still others ( I am convinced) run for ouramusement.Clinton, Powell, and Dole have a decent chance at the Presidency.President Clinton remains the only democrat running. His experience andprominence leave aid him in the 96 election. He spouts many unique, interestingideas. For example, he realized, "Well never guide everybodys in come up until weeducate everybody." Clinton is full of brilliant revelations like, "racialdiversity is our great meal ticket to the future if we can figure out how to compressalong and how to lift each other up." His bits of intellect might be useful ifhe proposed solutions to the obvious problems he presents. Bob Dole, arepublican candidate, has already done some work on welfare reform. He recentlypassed a bill which allows the state to create programs that will move people... Presidential Candidates Division And Classification Essay -- essays r Presidential Candidates Division and Classification     You could be the next presidential candidate Sound good? You must filepapers with the Federal Election Commission to run. You also have to pay thenominal filing fee charged to candidates entering the New Hampshire primary.That doesnt sound so difficult. Anyone who can accomplish these two tasks mayrun for President. Usually, some unlikel y people do. This year, the candidatesinclude people from Phil Gramm to Jack Mabardy(Who in the world might he be?).Only a few people have a genuine chance of winning the coveted office, otherscould win if the world knew them, and still others ( I am convinced) run for ouramusement.Clinton, Powell, and Dole have a decent chance at the Presidency.President Clinton remains the only democrat running. His experience andprominence will aid him in the 96 election. He spouts many unique, interestingideas. For example, he realized, "Well never get everybodys income up until weeducate everybody." Clinton is full of brilliant revelations like, "Racialdiversity is our great meal ticket to the future if we can figure out how to getalong and how to lift each other up." His bits of intellect might be useful ifhe proposed solutions to the obvious problems he presents. Bob Dole, arepublican candidate, has already done some work on welfare reform. He recentlypassed a bill which allow s the state to create programs that will move people...

The Death of Bloody Mary Tudor and Good Queen Beth :: essays research papers

BLOODY MARY, a sour, bigoted heartless, superstitious woman, reigned five years, and failed in everything which she attemptcd. She burned in Smithfield hundreds of sincere godly persons, she went down to her grave, hated by her husband, scorned by her servants, loathed her her people, and condemned by God. Good Queen Bess followed her, a generous, stout-hearted strong-minded woman, characteristically English, and reigned forty-five years. Under her wise and beneficent rule her people prospered she was tolerant in worship and severe only to traitors, she went down to her grave after a reign of unparalleled magnificence and success, a virgin queen, secure in the loyalty of her subjects, love by her friends, in favour with God and man. So we can imagine some modern Englishman summing up the reigns of these two half-sisters who ruled England successively in the ordinal century -- an Englishman better acquainted with history-books than with history, and in love with ideas rather than f acts.It is interesting, therefore, to pursue our investigations a little further, and to learn in what spirit each of these two promote met her end, what was the account given by those about them, what were the small incidents, comments, and ideas that surrounded the moments which for each of them were the most significant of their lives. Death, after all, reveals what life cannot, for at death we take not only a review of our past, but a look into the future, and the temper of mind with which we regard eternity is of considerable importance as illustrating our view of the past. At death too, if at any time, we see ourselves as we are, and display our true characters. There is no use in keeping up a irritate any longer. We drop the mask, and show our real faces.We should expect, then, if we took the view of the ordinary Englishman, that Mary Tudor would die a prey to superstition and terror, the memory of her past and the campaigner of her future would surely display her as overw helmed with gloom and remorse, terrified at the thought of meeting God, a piteous spectacle of one who had ruled by solicitude and was now ruled by it. Elizabeth, on the other hand, dying full of honour and years, would present an edifying spectacle of a true Christian who could look subscribe upon a brilliant and successful past, a reign of peace and clemency, of a life unspotted with superstition and unblameable in its religion, and, forward to the reward of her labours and the enjoyment of heaven.

The Role of Climate Change in Coral Reef Destruction Essay -- Global W

Climate change is arguably one of the most discussed issues in climatic conferences and political debates crossways the world. Establishment of the fact that worldwide warming is the leading cause of climate change continues to persuade people to find out ways of reducing or mitigating the effects it has on the earth. Global warming occurs naturally, but artificial causes, which are mainly human activities, contribute to this effect. The release of greenhouse gases such as degree Celsius dioxide from human activates has led to a 0.60C rise in global temperatures (Walther et al., 2002). This implies that different life forms are actuateed in one way or the another(prenominal) given the effect of temperature on life. Different species of flora and fauna have and continue to suffer the effect of climatic changes.Coral reef is one of brine features that have been affected by climatic changes. This has led to destruction through coral bleaching and increased mortality, especially du e to the warming of the sea that causes an increase in sea water levels (Bakerl, Glynn & Riegl, 2008). An increase in global temperature also increases ocean acidification (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2007). These occurrences destroy reefs resulting in a significant drop in other sea organisms that depend on the reef. This implies that climatic changes are among the most destructive environmental elements affecting coral reef population in the world. To understand how climatic changes affect coral reef population, it is important to consider different ecological processes that occur due to climatic changes, the most common being the rise in global temperatures.Results from Different Studies Investigating the Role of Climate Change in Coral Reef DestructionEvidence of Sea Acidi... ...igherCan We Do Anything About It?. issue Geographic. Retrieved Nov 11, 2013 http//ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/critical-issues-sea-level-rise/Obura, D. (2005). Resilience and climate change lessons f rom coral reefs and bleaching in the Western Indian Ocean. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 63, 353372.Obura, D. & Grimsditch, D. (2009). Coral reefs, climate change and resiliency an agenda for action from the IUCN World Conservation Congress in Barcelona, Spain. Neptune IUCN.Smith, V. & Buddemeier, W. (1992). Global change and coral ecosystems . Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst, 23, 89-118.Sutthacheepn, M. et al. (2013). Impacts of the 1998 and 2010 mass coral bleaching events on the Western Gulf of Thailand. deep-sea Research II, 96, 2531.Walther, G. et al. (2002). Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature, 416, 389-395.

Ayn Rand Essay -- essays research papers fc

This essay will discuss the life and works of Ayn Rand. Thewoman who would become Ayn Rand was born AliceRosenbaum on February 2, 1905. (Branden, Barbara pg.31986). She was born during the eleventh year of NicholasIIs reign in Russia.(Baker pg.1 1987). Rands birth wasjust before a revolution in Russia, however this revolutionwas put batch by her first year.(Branden, Barbara pg.31986). The Rosenbaums lived quite comfortably under theczar.(Baker pg.1 1987). Beneath their large apartment wasFronz Rosenbaums chemist shop.(Branden, Barbara pg. 41986). Rands father was a serious man whom she neerknew very well.(Branden, Barbara pg.4 1986). Aynsmother, Anna Rosenbaum, was the opposite of her fatherand was very sociable. (Branden, Barbara pg. 4-5 1986).As a child, Rand did not have a true sense of affection withher father. (Branden, Barbara pg.5 1986). However, shedid develop a dependable bond of love with him as she grewolder. (Branden, Barbara pg. 4 1986). Ayn did not getalong well wit h her mother. (Branden, Barbara pg.5 1986).Although the Rosenbaum family was traditionally Jewish, itis said that Rand really did not have a apparitional upbringing.(Baker pg.2 1987). As a result, she became atheist as achild after coming to the conclusion that believing in God isdegrading to humans in the sense that man should live forno one else but himself. (Baker pg.3 1987). Randdiscovered a passion for upbeat, lively music which shebegan collecting on records. (Branden, Barbara pg.81986). By the era she was five years of age, she had twolittle sisters, Natasha and Elena. (Branden, Barbara pg.71986). As a whole, Ayns childhood was not a pleasantexperience for her in later years it prove to be anunhappy memory as well. (Branden, Barbara pg.34 1986).Ayn Rand received a good education and learned to readand write at age six. (Baker pg.2 1987). She found herclasses dim and too easy. (Baker pg.2 1987). This conducther to begin writing simple short stories and novels. (Bakerpg.2 1987). Rands inability to fit in socially at school andher boredom with the education she was receiving led herto become somewhat of a recluse with one exception herpassion for literature. (Branden, Barbara pg.11 1986).Literature seemed to absorb Ayn more than any otherthing it intrigued her and gave her much pastime to readand soon, to write. (Branden, Barbara p... ...ssionate goal--to create her ideal worldand her ideal man. And at the end of her life--despite theodds against her, despite the pain and the losses, despitethe illness and anguish and death--it was done." (Branden,Barbara pg.404 1986). "Its a human universe, and Ilove it, and any struggle was worth it. Struggle orunhappiness are so enormously unimportant. I dont regreta subtle of my life." (Branden, Barbara pg.404 1986 saidby Ayn Rand). Rand led an eventful and memorable life.She inspired many with her novels and her philosophy. Theworld has gained tremendous insights and knowledge fromthe philosophy a nd intriguing novels of Ayn Rand.Bibliography Branden, Barbara The Passion of Ayn Rand1986 Bantam Doubleday Dell produce Group Inc. NewYork, N.Y. Nathaniel, Branden Judgement Day My Yearswith Ayn Rand 1989 Houghton Mifflin Company Boston,Massachusetts James T. Baker Ayn Rand 1987 G.K. Halland Co. Boston, Massachusetts The Ayn Rand Column ACollection of her every week Newspaper Articles Written forthe Los Angeles Times. With additional, little-knownessays by Ayn Rand 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979,1991 Second Renaissance Books Oceanside, CA

Clifton Suspension Bridge Essay -- History Historical Bridge Architect

Clifton Suspension BridgeThe Clifton Suspension Bridge is located in Bristol England, and spans the beautiful Avon gorge. This couple has become the symbol of Bristol much like the Eiffel tower has of Paris, and the Opera house has of Sydney. The story of the Clifton Suspension Bridge began in 1754 with the dream of a Bristol wine merchant who donated his life savings to build a bridge over the gorge. To decide on a suitable design for the bridge a competition was held. Thomas Telford, the leading civil architect of the time was the judge. Mr. Telford attempted to submit his own design however the decision to declare himself the winner was overruled and a second competition was held. This time, contrary to the recommendation of Thomas Telford, 24 year old Isambard Kindom Brunel was declared the winner and appointed project engineer. Brunels design consisted of a suspension bridge that spanned the breath of the gorge. Telford disagreed with the concept of erecting a suspension bridge of this size in such an exposed position. His doubt was likely a result of the near destruction of his last project the Menai suspension bridge. Nonetheless Brunel was given his first commission, and construction on the bridge began. The foundation stone was lay in 1831, however the project was plagued with political problems and by 1843 the project was abandon with only the towers complete. Before the political and funding problems could be resolved Brunel died an unexpected shoemakers last at just 53 years old and the project had to be finished with out him. The design of the bridge was altered after his death. The original organization was far more ornate with stone lions and Egyptian inspired decoration, these were left off the engineers who finished t... ...le plagued this project and by the time it was complete it was no overnight the largest spanning bridge, though it is still a spectacular bridge sitting 76 meter above a deep gorge. Certainly a site value seeing, ap parently it is breathtaking to drive down the road to Bristol, turn a sharp corner and the white structure spanning the gorge. Today it costs 30p to cross the bridge in a car, pedestrians are not charged, and the speed limit has recently been raised to 25 miles per hour.Work Cited1.)http//www.clifton-suspension-bridge.org.uk/index.php, October 27, 20042.)http//www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Clifton_Suspension_Bridge.html, October 27, 20043.)http//www.farvis.com/bridge,htm.htm, October 27, 20044.)http//www.about-bristol.co.uk/lnd-00.asp, October 27, 20045.)http//www.brantacan.co.uk/suspension.htm, October 27, 2004

Buju Banton :: Essays Papers

Buju Banton His voice is thunderous and piercing. With each lyric, he pounds away at our psyche and makes our bodies shake with rhythm. He has become the public opinion poll prince of Dancehall reggae in Jamaica, and is a force to be reckoned with in the Jamaican music movie. He is young, but mature and powerful, and his piss is Buju Banton. Born Mark Anthony Myrie on July 15, 1973, Buju Banton has employ his lyrical skills and pounding voice to take Dancehall by storm. He combines his own musical influences with those of Burro Banton and Bob Marley to achieve a sound and beat that is bringing generations of reggae listeners in concert for an enjoyable experience. He owns the audience with his lyrics and his stage presence, and is forming both a musical and cultural movement that is taking over Jamaica. (www.bujubanton.net) One of 15 children born to a street vendor inside Trenchtown, Banton lived in poverty for most of his upbringing. A direct de scendant of the Maroons, his chubby appearance earned him the nickname of Buju, the Maroon name for breadfruit. His last name is a tribute to another reggae legend, Burro Banton, as well as the name for talented storytellers, from which much of his influence is derived. Buju entered the Jamaican music scene at age 12, where he was known as the Lambada Man of the Dancehall, working with the Sweet Love and Rambo Mango sound systems. In 1986, DJ Clement Irie introduced Banton to manufacturing business Robert French, who produced his debut single, The Ruler. At the age of 15, Banton had already worked with artists like Bunny Lee and Red Dragon. He was destined for success in the Dancehalls. In 1991, he met manufacturer Dave Kelly of Penthouse Studios, and debuted on the label with 1992s Mr. Mention, which broke all sales records on the island, including those of Bob Marley. With songs like Love Mi Browning, where he professed his attraction to light-skinned women, caused an garboil among the dark-skinned Jamaican women who viewed such comments as an insult towards their looks. He made up for his remarks, however, with the song Love Black Woman, and demonstrated that he had love for everyone in his repertoire.

Buju Banton :: Essays Papers

Buju Banton His voice is thunderous and piercing. With each lyric, he pounds away at our person and makes our bodies shake with rhythm. He has become the crown prince of Dancehall reggae in Jamaica, and is a force to be reckoned with in the Jamaican music scene. He is young, but mature and powerful, and his figure is Buju Banton. Born Mark Anthony Myrie on July 15, 1973, Buju Banton has used his lyrical skills and pounding voice to take Dancehall by storm. He combines his own musical influences with those of Burro Banton and Bob Marley to achieve a dependable and beat that is bringing generations of reggae listeners together for an enjoyable experience. He owns the audience with his lyrics and his stage presence, and is forming both a musical and cultural movement that is taking all over Jamaica. (www.bujubanton.net) One of 15 children born to a street vendor inside Trenchtown, Banton lived in poverty for most of his upbringing. A direct descendan t of the Maroons, his chubby look earned him the nickname of Buju, the Maroon name for breadfruit. His last name is a tribute to another reggae legend, Burro Banton, as well as the name for talented storytellers, from which more than of his influence is derived. Buju entered the Jamaican music scene at age 12, where he was known as the Lambada Man of the Dancehall, working with the Sweet Love and Rambo Mango sound systems. In 1986, DJ Clement Irie introduced Banton to producer Robert French, who produced his debut single, The Ruler. At the age of 15, Banton had already worked with artists like Bunny Lee and Red Dragon. He was destined for success in the Dancehalls. In 1991, he met producer Dave Kelly of Penthouse Studios, and debuted on the label with 1992s Mr. Mention, which broke all sales records on the island, including those of Bob Marley. With songs like Love Mi Browning, where he professed his attraction to light-skinned women, caused an uproar among the dark-s kinned Jamaican women who viewed such comments as an insult towards their looks. He made up for his remarks, however, with the song Love char Woman, and demonstrated that he had love for everyone in his repertoire.

Character Analysis of Connie Essay

Then one day her family leaves her alone and she notices the boy in the car comes to her house and she finds reveal that he seems to know everything about her. He demands that Connie come to him and in then th story ends as Connie walks out the house toward the mysterious boy. Connie is elicitually active, shake, and deceitful. Connie is sexually active. Oates states how Connie knows she is beautiful and she gets a great deal of worry from boys. Connie knows she is gorgeous, so when she goes out, she shows off her body to a greater extent.When Connie meets the older boy in the resturant, she spends hours with him, and they went in an abandoned alley. Connie often states that she believes sex is a beautiful and fun feeling. Going with this stranger Connie has just met for hours implies she is sexually active in some way. What Oates is trying to affirm about young girls in general is that by showing off their bodies and meeting with older boys, sex will be pressured onto them. Mor e young females will want to become more sexually active by assuming sex is all good and fun.Connie is scared. Connie does not seem to be afraid of anything. However, once this stranger appears at her house, she becomes a bit more frightened. Connie was always used to doing what she wanted with whomever she wanted. Along came Arnold, who commanded her to come to him and do things with him. Suddenly, Connie does not have the choice anymore. He threatens to harm her family so she is scared and cannot bring herself to even call for help.What Oates is trying to say about being scared is that one will not be scared until the option of deciding for ones self gets taken away. Connie is deceitful. Connies mother often degrades Connie for being vain. Her mother does this because she is worried about Connie and knows Connie gets a great deal of attention from males. Connies mother knows what can happen to her if she does not start being careful. Connie still goes out grabbing the attention of boys even though her mother says otherwise.What Oates is trying to say is that children should always listen to their parents, or they may end up in danger. Oates tries to get the reader to understand that parents have been through it all, and children should learn to listen more. In the short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Oates shows that Connie is sexually active. She is sexually active because she shows off her body and is curious about sex. Connie is scared because she had no choice in what she wanted to do. Connie is deceitful because she did not care or listen to her mother.

Defining Race and Ethnicity Essay

The term hunt government agency to me a group of community with the similar backgrounds and cultures. Race whoremaster also be defined as a species of people. Society defines race as the pretension of your skin but this is a myth. Race is more than the color of your skin it is your lineage and heritage. It is who you are.The term ethnic means belonging to races or nations based on distinctions of race or ethnological. Ethnic is when you relate to a sizable group of people and share a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage. When I hear the word ethnic, I associate it with the race of sear people. Im not sure why but somewhere in my life, this was instilled in my mind. I have read somewhere that this word means heathens. I dont agree with this analogy of the word but society has labeled this word to mean something bad. Ethnic has also been defined as a group of people who denounce Christianity.These concepts are important in todays s ociety because of the issues of racism and prejudice. People should not be class by the color of their skin but by their citizenships. All people that were born in America should be classified as Americans alone, not White, Blacks, Latinos, Mexicans. These ground border on the issue of prejudice and racism.This is a very touchy subject and one has to be careful not to offend anyone when addressing these issues. It is important that when people are classified by race, that the proper terms are use when identifying these groups. Some discolor people prefer to be called African Americans rather than black and vice versus. Prejudice is a big issue in our nation and needs to be overcome. No one wants to be discriminated against no matter what their race or ethnic background is.

Mitigating Global Warming Essay

transform in world(prenominal) climate became a widely accepted neighborly problem in the hold up two decades. However, in those early days, controversies existed just about the certainty of orbicular heating system while scientist and environmentalist pointed out that the world was acquire hotter due to the increasing release of greenhouse squanderes and other(a) human activities, multinational corporations and some national governments refuted such(prenominal) claims, under the guise that there were no qualified scientific evidence to support such claims (McCright and Dunlap, 2000).Fortunately or unfortunately, recent scientific evidences point, irrefutably, to the fact that the world is indeed getting dangerously hotter. The Stanford SOLAR centre defines worldwide warming as the gradual increase in planet wide temperatures, while McCright and Dunlap (2000) defines it as discernable increase in mean global temperature resulting from the release of greenhouse gases pro duced by human activities (p. 499). Whichever way global warming is defined, the apparent truth, as has been voiced by the Intergovernmental display panel on Climate form (IPCC), the U.S National Research Council, the American geophysical Union (AGU) and countless other bodies and research institutions, is that the globe is hotter than it has ever been in history and if nothing pressing is done, serious danger looms. The Problem In the early days when stories about a warming nation was first heard, there were several counterclaims and numerous challenges to scientist to conjure up that the earth was indeed getting hotter. In recent times, however, it is clear that the issue of global warming has passed that stage.There are now countless irrefutable evidences from twain government and private interests to show that there is indeed a problem at hand. The Stanford SOLAR Center points out that it is certain now that the earth is straightway the hottest it has been in at least 400y ears and possibly even over the start 2,000years. It has been shown that the mean global surface temperature has increased by an estimated 0. 5-1. 0F (0. 3-0. 6C) within the ratiocination century alone and this is documented as the self-aggrandizingst temperature rise in surface temperature over the last 1,000years.The IPCC (2007a) also states that eleven of the last twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the twelve hottest years since record of global surface temperature started in 1850. They also stated that from 1900 to 2005, precipitation increased significantly in the east parts of the North and South America, Northern Europe and Northern and Central Asia and that the most significant increases were experienced from 1970 onward. To buttress this stand, the body pointed out that in the last fifty years, cold days and cold nights have been significantly infrequent, while hot days and hot nights have become more frequent.The frequency and colour of heat waves and heavy precipita tion events over land areas have increased globally, especially since 1975. Further, there is irrefutable evidence that the average Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the last half of the 20th century were the highest observable in any fifty year period over the last 500years and possibly the highest in the last 1300 years. every these hard facts point to the same conclusion the earth is getting hotter, faster than any time in history and the trend does not look comparable it is ready to reverse.We have a grave global problem on our hands, which require urgent and drastic steps. The Causes Before recommendations can be made about how to go about mitigating this Herculean problem, it is pertinent to first provide a brief overview of the causes of this problem. In most studies and reports, the release of greenhouse gases (e. g. , carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and their substitutes, methane, nitrous oxide, and so forth ) have been severally indicted as the radical cause o f the problem. It is important to know that these gases, especially carbon dioxide methane and nitrous oxide, are natural components of the atmosphere.These gases reabsorb the heat reflected from the earth surface, regulating Earths temperature, which is essential for life. However, since the industrial revolution of the 1700s, these gases have been released into the atmosphere in higher than normal c one timentration, thus offsetting the normal balance. Carbon dioxide is released from vehement fossil fuels and other industrial activities, while deforestation and increasing land use, causes more nitrogen oxide gases to be released into the atmosphere.The increasing concentration of the gases in the atmosphere kettle of fish heat radiated from the earth, preventing additional thermal radiation from leaving the earth and thus excessively increasing the temperature of the earths surface (Global Warming, 2008 IPCC, 2007a IPCC, 2007b). Another factor that has been indicted in the cause of global warming is solar variability changes in the heating capacity of the sun. Studies on the sun activities have shown that the sun exhibit slight renewal in activity.Although, this has been named as one of the factors responsible for global warming, there exists consensus that the role of solar variability, if present at all, is very minimal. Solar irradiance measured over the last 30 years has shown changes of only a few tenths in solar activity, and this depends essentially on the solar 11-year cycle. The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), in this regard, states that The Sun is once again less bright as we approach solar minimum, yet global warming appeases.Eventually, we are left with greenhouse run as the primary cause of global warming. Why We Must Act Now That the earth is warming up might sound far fetched to many, however, the report the global warming is already having its toll on, not just the environment, but also on plants and animal lives, will d rive the point home. The IPCC reports that changes in snow, ice frozen res publica can be attributed to global warming. Ice melting has caused sea levels to increase continually, with the resultant flooding experienced in several parts of the globe.The reduction in snow and ice cover over mountains and frozen ground and reportly increased the number and size of glacial lakes, increased ground instability in mountain and other permafrost regions and led to changes in some Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems. Changes in algal, plankton and fish abundance can be linked to increasing wet temperatures as well as related changes in ice cover, salinity, oxygen levels and circulation. And these are just a tip of the iceberg, of the results and pending results of global warming.To make matters worst, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that with current climate change mitigation policies and related sustainable development practices, global greenhouse gas emissions will continu e to grow over the next few decades (IPCC, 2007a p. 4). The implication is that something better and more drastic needs to be done to curtail global warming. Recommendations The IPCC states rightly that a wide variety of national policies and instruments are available for the nation to create the right incentive for mitigation action.Since the primary and most significant cause of global warming has been identified to be greenhouse gas emission, several policy instruments exist to curb emission of the gases, at least to reduce the emission to reasonable limits. Government must set stringent regulations and standards for greenhouse gas emission. Large and small corporations must be enticed or forced (whichever is appropriate) to obey these regulations on gas emission. Taxes and charges can also be used to control gas emission.For example, setting a higher price for carbon emission will drive broad corporations to look for more cost effective ways of disposing their waste or stay wi thin their gas emission limits. Another modern way of reduce gas emission is through gas tradable permits. Companies that can efficiently manage their gas emission below their limits could sell such gas emission points to other corporations. Government can also provide incentives, such as subsidies and tax credits to companies that develop more efficient and better technologies of managing gas emission.This could drive large corporations to spend more on R&D as it concerns gas emission management. Governments might also enter into mutual agreement with industries, though it is reported that the majority of such agreements have not yielded any significant gas emission reduction, it should be hoped that better understanding between both parties created through such agreements would eventually pay off. Automobiles and other individual items also add to the greenhouse gas build up in the atmosphere, therefore, increased information campaigns about the dangers of global warming would in crease awareness in the populace.This could help influence behavioral changes, such as increasing preferences for items that do not negatively impact the environment e. g. fuel economy cars. The impact of such changes might be difficult to measure, however any step, instrument or policies that could reduce greenhouse gas emission in whatever level or degree should be welcomed.Bibliography Global Warming (2008). Stanford SOLAR Center. Available at http//solar-center. stanford. edu/sun-on-earth/glob-warm. html (Mar 14, 2008). Goddard Institute for Space Studies (1999). tie beam Between Solar Cycle and Climate is Blowin in the Wind. NASA New York N. Y.Available at http//www. giss. nasa. gov/research/news/19990408/ (Mar 14, 2008). Human Impacts on Climate (2003). American Geophysical Union. Available at http//www. agu. org/sci_soc/policy/positions/climate_change. shtml (Mar 14, 2008). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC (2007a). abstract for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007 Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group terce to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change B. Metz, O. R. Davidson, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave, L. A. Meyer (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC (2007b). Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change B. Metz, O. R. Davidson, P. R. Bosch, R. Dave, L. A. Meyer (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. McCright, M Aaron and Riley E. Dunlap (2000). Challenging Global Warming as a Social Problem An Analysis of the Conservative Movements Counter-Claims. Social Problems, 47(4) pp. 499-522.

Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as the voluntary activities undertaken by a ships family to operate in an economic, affable and environmentally sustainable manner.When companies operate in an economically, socially and environmentally responsible manner, and they do so transparently, it helps them succeed, in particular through encouraging shared nurture and social license. Management and mitigation of social and environmental risk factors are increasingly important for business mastery abroad, as the costs to companies of losing that social license, both(prenominal) in terms of share price and the bottom line, may be signifi fuckt.JOHNSON & JOHNSON is a good example of a bon ton that follows CSR.In 1982, Johnson & Johnsons acetaminophen medication commanded 35 per cent of the US over-the-counter analgesic market representing some(prenominal)thing like 15 per cent of the companys profits. Unfortunately, at that point i individual succeeded in lacing the dru g with cyanide. Seven people died as a result, and a widespread panic ensued about how widespread the contamination king be.By the end of the episode, everyone knew that Tylenol was associated with the scare. The companys market value fell by $1bn as a result. When the same situation happened in 1986, the company had learned its lessons well. It acted livelyly ordering that Tylenol should be recalled from every outlet not just those in the state where it had been tampered with. Not only that, but the company decided the product would not be re-established on the shelves until something had been done to provide better product protection.As a result, Johnson & Johnson developed the tamperproof packaging that would make it a lot to a greater extent than difficult for a similar incident to occur in future. The cost was a high one. In addition to the impact on the companys share price when the crisis first hit, the lost production and destroyed goods as aresult of the recall were c onsiderable. However, the company won praise for its quick and appropriate action. Having sidestepped the position others have found themselves in of having been slow to act in the face of consumer concern they achieved the status of consumer champion.Within five months of the disaster, the company had vulcanized 70% of its market share for the drug and the fact this went on to improve over time showed that the company had succeeded in preserving the long term value of the brand. In fact, there is some evidence that it was rewarded by consumers who were so reassured by the steps taken that they switched from other painkillers to Tylenol.The features that made Johnson & Johnsons handling of the crisis a success included the followingThey acted quickly, with complete openness about what had happened, and immediately sought to remove any source of danger based on the worst moorage scenario not waiting for evidence to see whether the contamination might be more widespreadHaving ac ted quickly, they then sought to ensure that measures were taken which would prevent as far as possible a recurrence of the problemThey showed themselves to be prepared to bear the short term cost in the name of consumer safety. That more than anything else established a basis for trust with their customers.Johnson & Johnson published their own form of an ethics oath entitled Our Credo, as a way to come about the mission, vision and accountability that Johnson & Johnson holds itself to for a variety of groups- doctors, nurses, patients, mothers, fathers, employees, those in the communities they operate in, as well as the global community and company stockholders. The Credo was created in 1943 by Robert Wood Johnson, a member of the founding family of the Johnson and Johnson Company. It was created just before the company became a publicly traded entity and long before the term incarnate social accountability was used for accountability in the workplace.On the Johnson and Johnson corporate website, they state that Our Credo challenges us to put the needs and well-being of the people we serve first. Our Credo is morethan just a moral compass- we believe its a recipe for business success. As a key player in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry, Johnson & Johnson understands the responsibility they have when it comes to providing safe products to their consumers, as the risks tied to faulty products within this industry are particularly sensitive.As a refresher, here are some of the benefits of having your employees publicly recite an ethics oathPositive Brand ValueIncrease in Commitment From EmployeesPerception + Expectation= RealityEVERYONE is Accountable some(prenominal) companies use storytelling and the mission of previous company leaders as a way to inspire employees and get them on board when working towards company goals. In the case of Johnson and Johnson, the importance of Our Credo has been evident since conception, and continues to play a sig nifiacnt role in the company today. When looking at the above benefits that an ethics oath can provide a company, Johnson and Johnson has been able to experience the rewards associated with each of these benefits.The story of Johnson and Johnsons Our Credo is a great example of the positive impact a corporate ethics oath can have on a company.