Great Expectation Essay Example for Free

Great Expectation EssayComp atomic number 18 the filming techniques used in whisks first meeting with hightail it Havisham with 2 adaptations of Charles Dickenss Great ExpectationsThe two film clips that this essay will be based on, and comparing, is a variance by Julian Jarrold which appeared on TV screens in 1999 and a much senior cinema appearance by David Lean from 1946. The first noticeable difference is that the earlier film is played in black and white and and so has authoritative kindling limitations and, as a result of technological disadvantages, has limited tv camera injection availability. However, there are a number of useful factors available for analysis. twain films attempt to build up a sense of mystery and increasing tension all the way through the scenes and the task in hand is to localise in on all the different types of filming techniques used to do so. On the whole, the 1999 version is darker than the 1946 edition and this increases the tension f actor. Each scene takes us from fritter entering Miss Havishams room to when he leaves and incorporates all of the insults and belittling from Miss Havisham and Estella, although even this is played differently in the two films David Lean makes actually unequivocal insults as though Estella is actually telling him he is lower than her yet in Jarrolds version Estella either insults Pip to Miss Havisham or to herself in an undertone. in that respect are six main techniques used by each director which this essay will analyse, they are shot types and framing-how each camera shot affects the belief of the scene, camera angles and lens movement-how the camera is positioned and what bearing that has on the scene, editing, music and sound effects-the backing sounds and its effect on the viewer, costumes-what each actor is wearing and what it does for the characters personality/appearance, lighting and visual effects-how the light and dark areas of the screen portray different ideas.Firs tly, there are a few similarities between both scenes Shot types and framing/ television camera angles and lens movements/Editing. The first is that both incorporate a long shot as Pip enters to portray the huge room in front of him and show that this room really is intimidating as Pip looks tiny compared to the huge open space ahead. Secondly, both films show Pips reaction as a mop up up shot after the insults from Estella, this gives the viewer a real sense of pity for Pip and shows us what exactly is going through his mind at the measure. The final similarity is as the game of cards unfolds, both films fade into the game to show a passing of time and both use an utmost(prenominal) pen up up to show us what is happening and, Miss Havisham is sat high on a chair in the middle, with Pip and Estella on the basis either side, with a medium shot, making Miss Havisham look very dominant and the children look almost patronised.The 1999 version has a lengthy amount of time when Pip is wondering around the room looking at certain objects, building up mystery and tension, which Jarrold misses out and skips from Pip entering straight to his confabulation with Miss Havisham. This added section has a mixture of medium adjacent ups, close ups and extreme close ups, save all the way through the shots are positioned a bit higher than Pip so it gives the audience the idea that somebody has a watchful eye on him, and this, to a certain extent, is almost creepy, sure enough builds up mystery and also borderlines on scary.For example, when Pip is walking past the dummies the camera is high up so it is as though the viewers are looking through Miss Havishams eyes. The other main camera uses are when Pip sees Miss Havisham in the mirror, she looks virtually ghost like and it is almost scary, barely just before she appears, its looks again as though he is being watched, and as Miss Havisham waves her arm to tell Pip to play, there is a close up of her arm to show her do minance and shortly after a close up of Pips face to show the confused reaction. This section of the scene is very clever camera work by Jarrold, and really does freak the audience out.Both films use shot types, framing, camera angles, lens movement and editing differently, but there a number of specific differences between the two. When the two films join back up, there are many different camera uses and consequences of such(prenominal). In the 1946 version, there is a long shot as Pip walks up to Miss Havisham and a medium close up as they talk to one-another and as Pip advances further, the camera moves in an arc to keep him and Miss Havisham on the picture at the same time. When they are closer, it allows an even closer shot than before of their faces and therefore portrays both expressions and the reactions to each others expressions individually.An addition to this version of Great Expectations is how the camera zooms in on a cobweb covered bible to show the lost trustfulness of Miss Havisham, and explain to the audience that something terrible has happened earlier in her life to make her do so. A two shot of Miss Havisham and Pip is on screen, and, as Estella joins the camera slides horizontally to follow her in. As Estella whispers in Miss Havishams ear there is a two shot to portray Miss Havishams expression. When Miss Havisham asks Pip his opinion of Estella he is made to whisper it in her ear but as he does so there is a medium close up showing all three expressions at the same time, i.e.Pips horror as Miss Havisham tells Estella what he has just said and Estellas delight of hearing such approving words. As Pip approaches the gate to go home, there is another fade in to show more time has passed by. This can be compared with the 1999 version which has a much briefer conversation between Pip and Miss Havisham as much time is spent when Pip walks around, but, when Pip is whispering about Estella, the camera zooms in on Estellas face to show her react ion after being praised by Pip. Finally, when Pip and Miss Havisham are talking, there is a two shot of them to show each reaction as each person says something.

Charles Perrault Bio Essay Example for Free

Charles Perrault Bio EssayCharles Perrault is a famous French poet and author recognized for writing the Mother Goose fairy tales. He was the seventh child from his father Pierre Perrault and mother Paquette Le Clerc, born on January 12 of 1628 in Paris, France and then died and indefinite death which direction it is undefined that was on May 16, 1703. He was a Roman Catholic. He married Marie Guichon in 1672 when she was nineteen years old, with her he had three children and when delivering the third wiz Marie passed while giving birth in 1678, which left them to be married for only six years. After her death Perrault never remarried. Career wise Perrault didnt start out as a poet he was actually a lawyer who was in charge of royal buildings in 1660.Perrault also took a considerable share in the making of the Academy of Sciences and the renewal of the Academy of Painting. But then later on he worked in the Academic Franaise where he play an important role of literacy disagre ement as many know today had to do with the clash between the Ancients and the Moderns, to which Charles coincided with the Moderns.Perrault then decided he was going to dangle the rest of his lifetime promoting the education of literature and the arts. Where then he started to become a well-known as a poet with stories such as Red travel Hood, Puss in Boots, Cinderella, and Donkeyskin. Donkeyskin is a famous French literacy and was republished by Perrault in 1697 with a little help from Andrew Lang another popular poet. Donkeyskin was the French variant of Cinderella. There are plenty of versions of Donkeyskin but Perraults is the most well-known and made him popular.

Riddells Safe Helmets Marketing Plan

Riddells Safe Helmets merchandise PlanRiddell, the brainchild of John Tate Riddell, has a long and illustrious history of introducing innovative sports equipment. Since 1929 the Riddell Sports has been producing technologically innovative performance equipment aimed at providing athletes efficient preventive gear (Riddell, 2012). A wide range of sports equipment is manufactured by Riddell Sports ranging from its most popular harvest-time the football helmets to other sports equipment such as bring up pads, face masks, body pads and helmet chin straps. In 2006 Riddell Bell Holdings and Easton Sports merged their operations forming Easton-Bell Sports (Riddell, 2012). Riddell has been a prominent station of Easton-Bell Sports forever since 2006 along with its other brands such as Easton, Giro and bell (Riddell, 2012). football game is a tough sport and medical researches prove that there exist squiffy chances that regular players will suffer from at least one concussion while pla ying for a schooldays, college or professional football team (Hyde Gengenbach, 2007). lash is an smirch to brain that is caused by a punch or violent strike on the head (Hyde Gengenbach, 2007). The medical implications of concussion post be small like suffering from a headache to severe like going into coma. Concussion is a serious problem plaguing American football. Nearly 63,000 students participating in ten diametric high school sports suffer from mild concussions each year with two-third of them suffer concussions while playing football (Hyde Gengenbach, 2007). Among football players brain injury is the most common cause of death. It is the responsibility of coaches along with the school and college authorities to ensure that athletes ar provided proper safety gear for taking part in any sport. Along with this parents and athletes themselves should take proper steps to prevent any injury which includes use of appropriate head gear, avoiding dangerous on- theatre practi ces such as frontal tacking and head shots in hockey (Hyde Gengenbach, 2007). In case of a concussion the athletes should not be allowed to return back to field until they are vindicated by a neurologist after a thorough examination for possible brain injuries.The above statistics show that there exists a huge mart need for safety sports gear. This need was effectively tapped by Riddell (Riddell, 2012). The Riddell Sports uses a variety of innovative sports technologies to manufacture safety equipment for athletes that helps them in improving their performance on field (Riddell, 2012). Through effective grocery storeing of its sports safety equipment Riddell can ensure it retains the top spot in safety sports equipment manufacturing for many years to come (Riddell, 2012). Below is a detailed merchandising plan for Riddell Sports that examines the marketing strategies currently adopted by Riddell and the possible strategies it can adopt for better promotion of its convergences.SW OT analysisStrengths The chief(prenominal) strengths of Riddell Sports are outlined below.Riddell is one of the leading football helmet suppliers for schools, colleges and professional football teams.Riddell is the official helmet provider of the National Football League (NFL).Low cost manufacturing and bring together facilities along with excellent relationship with suppliers by means ofout the world.Riddell alike provides state of the art reconditioning services for football safety gear and equipment in US that uses shockting b night club technologies like Riddell Staph-Fighter to get rid of viruses, bacterium and molds begined inside the sporting gear.Weaknesses The main weaknesses of Riddell Sports are outlined below.A limited marketing budget to develop consumer brand awareness.Inability to tackle disputation from emerging protective football equipment manufacturers such as Schutt and Rawlings.Opportunities The main opportunities for Riddell Sports are outlined below.A n exceptionally motivated product development team that is keen to develop innovative products qualifyinging complete safety solutions to athletes.Through optimization of supply chain practicable efficiencies can be gained.Football helmet manufacturing remains an extremely lucrative business with sales for safety football gear rising from $308 million in 2009 to almost $327 million in 2010.Threats The main threats being faced by Riddell Sports are outlined below.Strong performance of Schutt Sports at all levels of football manufacturing grabbing almost 57% of total market share of safety football manufacturing (Brown, 2011).The strong re-emergence of Rawlings after a gap of two decades. In its first year of operations in 2011 it captured about 6%-7% of the market (Brown, 2011).merchandising Plan for Riddell SportsIndustry AnalysisThe sports equipment industry is a very fast growing industry which makes a projected $3 trillion a year. According to Sporting Goods Manufacturers Assoc iation (SGMA) an estimated 1 million athletes were a part of high school football teams in 2002. These figures point out towards awing potential for sales of football related equipment and accessories. Riddell Sports is currently the market leader in football helmet sales closely followed by Rawlings Football, Schutt Sports and Xenith.Target Market renderingThe scar market for football equipment and accessories can be dissever into four main groupsYouth league programs focused on young athletesHigh school studentsCollege studentsProfessional athletesDemographics The target market of Riddell Sports may comprise of both unmarried young men mainly falling in the 9-25 years age square bracket to the married men falling in the 25-35 years age bracket.Psychographics Riddell Sports mainly aims to target men of around 9-35 years of age who play football this is the causation the Riddell Sports advertisements are mainly shown during NFL games when men are most likely to be ceremonial o ccasion the television. Interest is another common factor in determining psychographic trend, the target market of Riddell Sports takes equal interest in football. The interest level may vary while some may be interested in watching football on television others are more than interested in playing on-field, but all are connected by their love for the game.geographic location In the US certain geographical areas are well-known for their love for football (Delaney Madigan, 2009). Significant evidence collected everyplace a issue of time proves that football is very popular in Texas, Florida and Alabama (Delaney Madigan, 2009). Thus, the Riddell Sports should concentrate all its energies on effectively marketing its football gear in these areas.Marketing Strategy MixProduct ReviewRiddell Sports manufactures football helmets and equipment as well as helmets and equipment used in baseball, lacrosse and other team sports (Riddell, 2012). Riddell Sports may be divided into three main product categories among which are described as belowFootball helmets Riddell manufactures varsity football helmets, youth football helmets, football helmet face masks, and football helmet accessories (Riddell, 2012).Shoulder pads In this category Riddell also manufactures varsity football shoulder pads, junior varsity shoulder pads, youth football shoulder pads (Riddell, 2012).Reconditioning services Riddell also provides a cleaning and repairing service for helmets in order to repair any broken parts and pass the helmets through a Riddell Staph-Fighter machine in order to completely sanitize the sports equipment and get rid of molds, viruses and bacteria hidden in the sporting gear (Riddell, 2012). The Riddell Staph-Fighter machine has an amazing kill rate of more than 99.99% of the bacteria (Riddell, 2012).Placement The version of football that closely resembles rugby and requires athletes to wear helmets is more popular in North America and Europe. Thus, the Riddell Sports place ment strategy will be more closely focused on targeting the North American market.Pricing The pricing strategy of Riddell Sports is based on close monitoring of the prices of competitors products and then develop its pricing strategy accordingly. Riddell Sports continuously strives to remain in line with its competitors prices including Rawlings Football, Schutt Sports and Xenith. Price for Riddells football helmets will also be made competitive with substitute products as well.Distribution Strategy Riddell Sport has worlds most diversified distribution network for helmets used in athletic and recreational activities. Riddell Sports will be distributing its football equipment through a combination of transmit such asMass merchantsSporting goods storesIndependent specialty retailersPositioning Statement Riddell Sports is positioned as the official helmet of the National Football League (NFL). This is a very powerful positioning statement for Riddell since the competitors cannot imi tate it as long as the Riddell Sports is the official helmet supplier of the NFL. Another important occasion why it is a powerful positioning statement is because the positioning statement is visible to the customers (Reynolds, 2001). During NFL matches they can see the logo of Riddell Sports on the helmets and other safety equipment bony by athletes.Competitor Review In the US protective football manufacturing equipment market there are three major companies that have the potential and operational and financial ability to snatch market share away from Riddell Sports. These companies areSchutt Sports Offering substantial competition to Riddell Sports in the football helmet manufacturing market.Xenith Offering substantial competition to Riddell Sports in the youth football helmet market, high school football helmet market and college football helmets market.Rawlings Football Offering substantial competition to Riddell Sports in the football helmet and fit out manufacturing market. Other competitors of Riddell sports includeDiamond Sports Offering substantial competition to Riddell Sports in the softball and baseball equipment manufacturing market.Douglas Protective Equipment Offering substantial competition to Riddell Sports in the shoulder pads manufacturing market.Marketing Communication and Promotion StrategiesPress Releases In the marketing communication context press release is a very effective tool for announcing the arrival of a new product or service into the market. Press releases are usually prepared to convey positive information about the organization. The format of a press release is the same whether it is being prepared for radio, television or newspapers. Riddell Sports actively releases press releases announcing the arrival of new products in the market. Some press releases issued by Riddell in recent times areOn December 12, 2011 Riddell Sport released a press statement announcing that it has entered into a exclusive partnership with Nationa l interschool Athletic Administrators Association (NIAAA) to educate athletic administrators about latest safety equipment for athletes (Riddell Press Releases, 2012).On January 12, 2012 Riddell Sports announced though a press release that it was getting Gunthers Athletic Service a West Coast company specializing in sales of sporting equipment and uniforms. The press release further mentioned that the strategic move of getting Gunthers will help to boast Riddells presence in West Coast (Riddell Press Releases, 2012).On February 14, 2012 Sports announced though a press release that it was recuperative its helmet and equipment partnership with USA Football, which is footballs regulating body in the US (Riddell Press Releases, 2012).Consumer Brand Awareness StrategiesBillboards Non-traditional billboards effectively advertising Riddells safe helmets erected in college stadiums, densely be neighborhoods can help the consumers to identify with the products of Riddell helmets.Magazine s Riddell Sports can prominently advertise its product passs through major US sports magazines, since these magazines are read by athletes and sports buffs that are more likely to take interest in advertisements related to sports goods and equipment. Magazine based advertising is a very good way to promote sales of a firms goods and products. Prominent sports magazines through which Riddell sports can advertise its product offerings areSoccer AmericaSporting NewsSports IllustratedSocial Media Contemporary marketing scenario has been taken over by emerging social media channels (Weinberg, 2009). Various social media channels can be used by Riddell Sports for advertisements of its goods and services, some of the many social media channels that can be used by Riddell Sports areFaceBookYouTubeTwitterPinitRedditMixxDeliciousMedia StrategyPrint Advertising Riddell can increase consumer brand awareness by advertising through mixed print media channels such as magazines, newspapers, indust ry periodicals, in-house publication and a direct mail campaign (Hackley, 2010).Event Marketing Organizations around the world create events that are tied around marketing of their own products (Trehan Trehan, 2007). Riddell Sports can also use respective(a) event marketing tactic to increase its customer base, some of these tactics are mentioned belowOrganizing promotional events at various schools and colleges where exhibition football matches are held and the winning team is provided drop by the wayside product samples including premium items bearing companys logo for example t-shirts, hats, mugs etc.In addition to this Riddell Sports can also sponsor local art exhibits, music concerts and various other festivals where there are chances that a large number of men and adult boys will be in attendance, since the main target market for Riddell safety helmets are the above mentioned two groups of consumers. At different locations on the event site large banners and signage featur ing Riddells products can be erected which would subconsciously work to increase consumer brand awareness.Organizing such events smashingly contribute to increasing consumer brand awareness and can be am effective marketing ploy that can reap undischarged benefits for the sponsoring organization if used wisely.Sales Promotion tactics Sales promotion is one of the most popular tactical weapons available to organizations around the globe which can be effectively utilized to enhance firms distinctive capabilities along with giving the organization a unique edge over its competitors (Hackley, 2010). The Riddell Sports can use various sales promotion strategies to boost firms sales. Some of the most powerful tactics which can be used by an organization areA great sales promotion tactic can be that of a offer of a price-cut on a prestigious product of the organization. For example Riddell Sports can offer price-cut on its $376.99 The Game Changer brand of helmets or its $248.99 Revoluti on Speed brand of helmets (Riddell, 2012).Offering customers a free product when they buy a higher(prenominal) priced helmet. For example customers buying one Game Changer helmet worth around $380 would be given a free chin strap worth $8 (Riddell, 2012).Another popular consumer demand pulling marketing tactic can be the use of coupons (Fifield, 2012). Coupons are a very well-known means of offering targeted customers discounts on selected items (Fifield, 2012). In the case of Riddell helmets these coupons can be distributed in magazines, or advertised on the sports page of local newspaper from where it can be cut and presented to nearby retailer carrying Riddell helmets for a discount of a specified item. Coupons may also be distributed through direct mail or in stores and shop malls.Broadcast media Broadcast media includes television and radio (Ranchhod, 2007). Organizations across the world use broadcast media for marketing of their products and services because of the ability of this particular medium to reach a large number of people either internationally or nationally (Fifield, 2012). One of the main benefits of broadcast media is its ability to create vivid product messages that are memorable and compelling (Ranchhod, 2007). Riddell Sports also ran one such memorable television commercial during the National Football Leagues Arizona Cardinals vs. Dallas Cowboys game (Riddell, 2012).Worlds Apart Television moneymaking(prenominal) This television commercial was aired in 2011 (Riddell, 2012). The 30 second commercial which featured top-quality Riddell football equipment gave the message that players may represent entirely different football teams but they are same because they are wearing protective gear and helmets made by Riddell (Riddell, 2012). The particular television commercial designed by HeadRush advertising agency received amazing feedback from television viewers across the US (HeadRush Creative, 2011).Celebrity Endorsements The TEARS (Trustwor thiness, Expertise, Physical Attractiveness, Respect, and Similarity to Target Audience) model has been create to describe the reasons why using a celebrity as an endorser for a firms product can produce a positive impact on the overall sales of the organization (Fifield, 2012). When customers see their favorite celebrity using a product they can easily identify and recall that particular product when they go for shopping (Hackley, 2010). The use of well known celebrities in advertising is a great marketing tool that has been effectively used by Riddell for marketing of its safety sports gear. The Riddell Sports has a long standing history of roping in top of the class athletes for celebrity endorsement of Riddell products. Some of the famous athletes endorsing Riddell products areDave Mirra the American BMX athlete who holds the drop off for winning the highest number of X-games medals endorses Riddell helmets.Tony Hawk also endorses Riddell helmets. He is also famously known as birdman, for his amazing antics using skateboard. Tony Hawk holds the record for being the vertical skateboarding champion for 12 years in a row.Tanner Hall, the legendary American skier also endorses Riddell helmets. Tanner Hall has delineate and pushed the limits for freestyle skiing, at the age of 28 years he holds the record for most career gold medals and thus, is a perfect choice for marketing the Riddell helmets.

Hinduism Practices and Beliefs

Hindooism Practices and BeliefsCharla Y. JacobsA Glimpse into the Unfamiliar HinduismHinduism is a religion that is multi-faceted. It is polytheistic center its followers believe in umpteen a(prenominal) graven images. Along with this religions many facets, on that point be overly numerous inviolate elements that its followers observe and practice. This religion even entails followers worshipping different gods (idols), during the same worship service. Because of Hinduisms many details, I wanted to observe and experience its worship services and beliefs. I chose to visit BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Temple located in Lilburn, GA. A Mandir is a Hindu air of worship, considered to be a spiritual haven and a place of phenomenal peace. It is also viewed as a center of vibrant cultural, social and spiritual activity. Hindu apparitional services have many different practices/rituals, numerous overt elements of religious expression and the congregation is extremely involved in the service.Hindu religious services have many different practices and rituals. Before visiting the synagogue, I called to get information ab out(p) visiting hours, specific dress codes/service attire, as well as whether or not any of the service would be presented in English. After being told that the services are conducted entirely in the Hindu language, I knew I needed to do some outside research of my own, specifically as it relates to Hindus practices and rituals. Hinduism is considered to be one of the oldest religions in the world, as it has no cognize founder or creator, such as that of Christianity, Buddhism and many some other(prenominal) religions. Because of its many varied expressions of worship and beliefs, many people think that Hindu practices and beliefs are individually customized.While conducting my research, I learned that Hinduism has four main denominations Saivism, Shaktism, Smartism and Vaishnavism. When I called the temple to inquire about rules and re gulations for visitors, I was informed that the temple only allowed visitors on genuine days and times. The day of your visit, determines the type of worship service you will observe/experience. My visit was on a Thursday, and from what I could determine, the worship service reckoned to focus on the Smartism denomination.Smartas as followers of this denomination are called, worship god (the supreme being) in one of six forms. Ganesha, Sakti, Vishnu, Siva, Skanda and Surya. Because smartas accept all the major Hindu gods, they are known as nonsectarian and liberal in their beliefs. They follow a meditative path hat is thoughtful and philosophical, encouraging human beings oneness with god through understanding his/her nature. From what I could gather/understand during the service, the gods/idols being worshipped could have been either male or female.Hindu worship services seem to explode with numerous, overt elements of religious expression starting with the landscaping of the temp le grounds, to the astounding architecture of the temple itself, all the way to the artwork and interior forge of the temple nothing short of amazing One of the most beautiful places Ive ever seen in my life I drive by this temple every afternoon on my way to school or on my way home from work. It is a very, large, beautiful and gated structure, appearing as if it was taken out of India and dropped into its present location so I guess you could say it really gets lots of passerby attention because it looks as if it doesnt belong in this pastoralDuring my research I learned that this temple, the Baps Shri Swaminarayan Mandir was opened in August of 2007, after only 17 short months of construction. It is composed of three types of stone (Indian pink sandstone, Italian marble and Turkish limestone). Over 34, 000 pieces were carved by hand in India and shipped to the USA, to be assemble in Lilburn, GA much uniform a giant, three-D jigsaw puzzle.Upon entering the temple, with its lus h carpet of many beautiful, rich colors, I noticed that there were no chairs. Everyone was expected to sit on the floor, in a seating apparatus that resembled a chair without legs, but did provide support for your back. The women were dressed in Saris (decorative robes/gowns) were seated separately from the men, who were dressed in robes of navy profane and black. Unlike Christianity, I did not witness any physical display of fellowship, like hugging and/or handshaking, as is customary in Christianity and many other religions. There were six very beautiful and ornately decorated statues that sat maybe two to three feet apart on a large and extremely beautiful, decorative altar/stage with colorful flowers and plants, as well as different, richly-colored materials and wall hangings.After I removed my shoes, I was lead to a visitors area, as non-Hindu believers/visitors were only allowed to observe from a distance on this particular day. Also, there is/was an $11.50 cost associated wi th visiting this temple. That in itself is very different than my own belief, which is Christianity. Ive never been charged an admission fee to visit any church, nonetheless, I was very curious. My research also revealed that the Hindu worship service is known as Puja,meaning adoration.The service started off very quiet, with only soft music playing age the worship leader, known as the Pujari, purified himself by washing his hands, feet and face with what I assume was holy water. He then begins to chant, along with using many different hand gestures and singing what appeared to be hymns to the six ornate statues/gods that are on the stage. He proceeds to lay various gifts such as food, oils and perfumes, as what I presume were offerings in front of each statue/idol. There are also bells being rang in the midst of all this activity. I understood this to be the way Hindus beckon the deities/gods to come and dwell among the people in the service. And then there was the lighting of man y candles and oil lamps, as well as some sort of holy water being poured over the statues. While all this is issue on, the congregants/worshippers are bowed down or lying prostate in prayer. All of this lasted for about45 minutes to an hour. The Pujari then reads from a group of sacred Hindu writings known as Vedas (subchapters), which comes from a Hindu Bible, which is called the Shruti for about 30 minutes.The congregation is extremely involved in the service even much so after all of theritualistic and formal parts of the service are concluded. After the reading from the Shruti has been completed, the congregants/worshippers rise from their seated and praying positions. They begin to dance and sing, while lots of loud and festive music is being played, some from instruments that I didnt recognize seemingly the music consists of horns, symbols, bells, drums and Hindu chanting.Because the practice/religion of Hinduism is so varied and multi-faceted, there is so much more to expe rience and learn about it than just one visit will allow. I did not like the fact that I had to pay an admission price to visit a place of worship. That part alone, was sort of a turn off and made the full experience seem unreal as far as worship services go. However, the surroundings, in and outside of the temple were so beautiful that it did evoke a sense of peace, calm and balance that may not likely be found anywhere else. I would definitely consider visiting on another day of the week where visitors may be a more participatory than observatory part of the service.

Use and Application of Data Mining

Use and Application of Data MiningData mine is the process of extracting patterns from info. Data digging is becoming an increasingly important tool to transform the data into training. It is commonly used in a wide range of profiling practices, such as marketing, surveillance, fraud detection and scientific uncovering 1-3. Data mining can be applied on a variety of data types. Data types imply structured data (relational), multimedia data, free school text, and hypertext as shown in Figure 1-1. We can strip hypertext from XML/XHTML tags to get free text4, 5.Nowadays, text is the most common and well-provided way for cultivation exchange. This due to the fact that much of the worlds data is contained in text instruments (newspaper articles, emails, literature, web pages, etc.). The importance of this way has led umpteen another(prenominal) researchers to find issue sui defer methods to analyze natural language texts to extract the important and useful information. In comp arison with data stored in structured format (databases), texts stored in documents is formless and to deal with such data, a preprocessing is required to transform textual data into a suitable format for automatic processing 6.Text mining is a new and exciting area of computer science research that interested of solving the caper of information overload by using combination techniques from data mining, machine learning, natural language processing, information retrieval, and experience management. Text mining, also known as text data mining 7 or knowledge discovery from textual databases 8, refers generally to the automatic process of extracting interesting and high-quality information or knowledge from unstructured text documents by using a suite of epitome tools 9.Definitely, text mining takes much of its inspiration and direction from core research on data mining. Therefore, text mining and data mining systems contain many high-level architectural similarities. For example, text mining and data mining systems depend on preprocessing routines, pattern-discovery algorithms, and presentation-layer elements 1. Furthermore, text mining adopts many of the specialised types of patterns in its core knowledge discovery operations that were first introduced and vetted in data mining research 9.The difference between data mining and text mining lies in the specific stages of preparation of the data and the difficulty of finding the important patterns due to the semi-structured or unstructured nature of the textual documents being processed.Data mining systems assumes that data bugger off already been stored in a structured format. Therefore, the preprocessing stage focus falls on two critical tasks Scrubbing and normalizing data and creating extensive numbers of table joins. In contrast, for text mining systems, preprocessing tasks focus on the identification and extraction of representative features for natural language documents. These preprocessing tasks a re responsible for transforming unstructured, original-format content in document collections into a more explicitly structured intermediate format, which is a concern that is not relevant for most data mining systems. Text mining preprocessing tasks hold a variety of different types of techniques culled and adapted from information retrieval, information extraction, and computational linguistics research (such as tokenization, stop word remover, normalization, and stemming, etc.)9.Typical text mining tasks involving Text extraction and representation, information retrieval, document summarization, document clustering, document classification.Text representation is concerned with the problem of how to represent text data in get format for automatic processing. In general, documents can be represented in two ways, as a bag of words where the context and the word point are neglected and the other one is to find common phrases in text and deal with them as mavin terms 10.In informa tion retrieval, the information needed to be retrieved is represented as query and the task of the information retrieval systems is to find and return documents that contain the most relevant information to the disposed(p) query. In order to achieve this purpose, text mining techniques are used to analyse text data and make a comparison between the extracted information and the given queries to find out documents that include answers 10, 11.The idea of text summarization is an automatic detection of the most important phrases in a given text document and to create a condensed version of the input text for human use 10. Text summarization can be done for a single document or a document collection (multi-document summarization). Most approaches in this area focus on extracting informative sentences from texts and building summaries based on the extracted information. Recently, many approaches have been tried to create summaries based on semantic information extracted from given text documents 10, 11.Document clustering is a machine learning technique that is used to identify the similarity between text documents based on their content. Unlike document classification, document clustering is an unsupervised method in which on that point are no pre-defined categories. The idea of document clustering is to create links between similar documents in a document collection to allow them to be retrieved together 10-12.Document classification is the assignment of text documents into one or more pre-defined categories based on their content 10, 13. It is a supervised learning problem where the categories are known in advance 10. For the document classification problem, many machine learning techniques including decision trees, K-nearest neighbour, SVM support vector machines and Naive Bayes algorithm have been used to build document classification models. more details about document classification in the next section.

Online Relationships Essay -- Internet Online Communication Essays

Online RelationshipsCyberspace relationships have the advantages of time, distance depletion, and fantasy abilities (Suler). Internet users can learn on different identities or take part in fantasy games. They can become someone else. James Katz and Philip Aspen report that the Internet is a localise to make friends and stay in touch with far away relatives (Stoll). It makes distance disappear. Also, online a person is given time before they must respond to the otherwise person (Suler). They argon given the opportunity to better articulate themselves in writing. It is also possible to store conversations with friends on-line (Suler). Sometimes face to face relationships are hard to make. Its easier for a shy or awkwardly social person to use the internet to make friends. With all of these social advantages, why are there still many lonely Internet users? Paradoxically, the Internet is a social technology used for communication, yet it results in declining social involvement and mental well-being (Stoll). There is a large gap between people we can touch and people we can onl...

Romeo and Juliet: Fate or Free Will? Essay -- Romeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet Fate or secrete Will?The play Romeo and Juliet was one of the more or less famous love tragedies ever written. This love story unfortunately had a fatal ending. Many people argue over why the lovers had died, was it over Free Will or Fate? The death of Romeo and Juliet was partially because of free will. The fact that Romeo and Juliet got married knowing that there was a bitter animosity between their families, the Montague and Capulets. This feud brought on many problems, such as the murder of Tybalt by Romeo. Juliet knew that this might be a problem for Her and Romeo. Juliet had said Whats in a expose? Which explains her ill fate of being a Capulet and Romeo being a Montague. When Romeo tells his servant Ay, mine own fortune in my misery. This illustrates that he does not...